Glaucoma

How do glaucoma eye drops work?

Glaucoma eye drops lower pressure inside the eye either by improving the outflow of fluid or by reducing how much fluid the eye makes. They are usually the first treatment, they work only while they are being used, and they protect vision rather than improve it. Using them at the same time every day is what makes them effective.

The main groups

  • Prostaglandin analogues, used once at night, which improve outflow and are often first choice
  • Beta blockers, which reduce fluid production and are avoided or used with care in asthma and some heart conditions
  • Alpha agonists, which both reduce production and improve outflow
  • Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, as drops or occasionally tablets, which reduce production
  • Combination drops, which put two medicines in one bottle to reduce the number of daily doses

Using drops well

  • Wash your hands, tilt your head back and pull the lower lid down to make a pocket
  • Squeeze one drop into the pocket without touching the eye or lashes with the nozzle
  • Close the eye gently for two minutes and press lightly at the inner corner, which keeps more medicine in the eye and reduces side effects
  • Leave at least five minutes between different drops
  • Keep to the same times daily, and take the bottles with you to every appointment

Side effects worth knowing

Mild stinging, redness, longer darker lashes, gradual darkening of the iris and of the skin around the eye can occur with prostaglandin drops. Beta blockers can affect breathing, pulse and energy levels. Preservatives sometimes cause a red, gritty, irritable eye. Tell your ophthalmologist about any of these, because there is usually an alternative.

Never stop on your own

Because glaucoma has no symptoms, stopping drops feels harmless and pressure can climb silently. If a drop is causing problems, if the cost is difficult, or if you keep forgetting doses, say so at your appointment. A different drop, a combination bottle, laser treatment or surgery may suit you better. Do not discontinue prescribed treatment without speaking to the clinician looking after your eyes.

Frequently asked questions

What if I miss a dose?
Take it as soon as you remember and then continue as normal. Do not double up. If you miss doses often, tell your ophthalmologist so the plan can be simplified.
Will drops improve my vision?
No. They protect the sight you still have by lowering pressure. Vision already lost to glaucoma does not come back.

Concerned about these symptoms?

Arrange an eye examination with our consultant ophthalmologist in Garki, Abuja.

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